Winter Operational Challenges at YYC

Low Friction Caused by Snow

Snow reduce friction on airport surfaces, causing safety and operational challenges. Slippery runways, taxiways, and aprons increase the risk of skidding during takeoff, landing, or taxiing, delaying operations and compromising safety.

Low friction also hampers ground handling, making it difficult for vehicles like maintenance trucks, baggage carts, and emergency responders to navigate. Constant monitoring and specialized equipment are essential to ensure smooth operations.

Higher Fuel Consumption During Ground Operations.

Operating at airports during snowy and icy conditions significantly increases fuel consumption due to several factors. Ground operations demand more energy as aircraft navigates slippery surfaces, putting additional strain on engines. Icy taxiways and runways often require higher thrust to maintain control and mobility, further driving up fuel usage.

Quantifying the exact loss in fuel efficiency can be challenging, as it depends on multiple variables such as the aircraft type, flight load, and specific weather conditions. In most cases, this amount usually falls bellow 5% increase for the entire flight.

Formation of Black Ice

Black ice is a major hazard for aircraft, especially in cold climates or winter. This nearly invisible ice forms on runways, taxiways, and aircraft exteriors when temperatures drop below freezing. Its transparency makes it hard to detect, even for experienced crews, heightening accident risks during takeoff, landing, or ground maneuvers. Black ice reduces tire traction, causing skidding or loss of control in critical flight phases. 

Snow And Ice Obstruct Aircraft Movement and Visibility

For pilots preparing to land, snow-covered runways pose unique challenges beyond aesthetics. Snow obscures vital visual cues like runway markings, lighting, and surface texture, making it harder to identify edges, thresholds, or the centerline. This increases the risk of spatial disorientation. Additionally, snow glare during daylight or reduced visibility complicates the approach. Pilots must rely on precise judgment and instruments, as snow's visual impact demands heightened awareness and adaptability for a safe landing.